Hypermetropic

Hypermetropia, also known as “near-sightedness” It is a known vision defect. Since the outside of the cornea is smaller than normal, the light coming from the outside is focused behind the retina. As a result, patients cannot see close up clearly.

Hyperopia is one of the most common refractive errors in our country and in the world. It is a vision problem that is usually inherited from birth. While hyperopia in babies may disappear spontaneously when they complete their eye development, in some of them this problem may continue in childhood and adulthood.

Hyperopia symptoms often occur in childhood. People with these symptoms say that the signs and letters become blurred and intertwined when reading from close distances. They have difficulty doing fine work that requires close vision. These problems are accompanied by eye and headache problems after a while. While the primary treatment for hyperopia treatment is provided by glasses or contact lenses, laser eye surgery is also among the treatment options after the age of 18. As with many vision problems, early diagnosis and treatment are important. When refractive error is left untreated for a long time and is noticed late, it can also lead to serious problems such as amblyopia and strabismus.

For these reasons, people over the age of 40 who do not have any eye disease or vision defect in their family or in their own health history. People should undergo regular ophthalmologist check-ups every 3-4 years.

What is hyperopia?

Hyperopia is the problem of not being able to see clearly near the retina, which occurs as a result of the rays coming to the eye focusing behind the retina instead of its surface. The pupils of people with this problem are smaller than normal. For this reason, the cornea and the eye lens do not have the power to refract the rays coming into the eye sufficiently.

Hyperopia, astigmatism and Although it is an eye straining problem like myopia, it is sometimes confused with presbyopia. Hypermetropia is a congenital refractive error and is caused by deformity of the cornea. Presbyopiai is a blurry near vision problem that occurs as a result of the eye lens losing its flexibility after the age of 40. In addition, while these people generally do not have any problems with distant vision, they only have problems seeing nearby letters, objects and signs.

In order to understand hyperopia and various other refractive problems, it is first important to explain the pathways through which the visual function occurs. It will happen. In healthy vision, the rays coming into the eye from outside first pass through the cornea, the outermost layer of our eye, and come to the natural eye lens where they are refracted again. As a result, it falls in an opposite way, evenly distributed to the vision point on the retina. The image falling upside down on the fovea centralis region on the retina surface is perceived by rod and cone cells and sent to the brain via nerve cells. The brain processes and interprets these images transmitted to it via the retina. In this way, the visual function is achieved.

In people with hyperopia problems, this image is due to the fact that the elements that allow light to refract as it enters the eye are shorter than normal. Therefore, the light coming into the eye from outside is focused behind the retina instead of falling on the exact surface. As a result, blurring of near vision occurs.

Degrees of Hypermetropia

Patients with high grades may experience problems with distance vision as well as near vision. As with other eye refractive problems, the severity of nearsightedness is also classified according to its degree.

When it comes to the degrees of the disease, below 2 degrees are considered mild, between 2-5 degrees are considered medium, and above 5 degrees are considered high-grade cases. .

Types of Hypermetropia

Accommodative Type: It is the type in which the eye can see up close only with the help of certain movements that stimulate the lens.

Structural Type: It is formed by the structure of the refractive elements of the eye. It is divided into 3 types.

Axial Type: It is the most frequently observed type of nearsightedness problem. The main reason is the short length of the front and back of my eyes.

What are the symptoms of hyperopia?

Symptoms of hyperopia may not show themselves at first and may appear during ophthalmologist examinations due to a different complaint or for control purposes. The higher the degree of the disease, the more severe the symptoms may be. They may not be able to do their daily tasks and activities that require close vision on their own. In case of near vision defects, as the blurring and decrease in sharpness increases, eye fatigue and headache may occur after activities that require close focus, such as reading, writing, looking at the phone, tablet and computer screen and doing various tasks.

The most common symptoms of hyperopia are as follows:

• The eyes experience blurred vision of nearby objects, letters and signs and decreased visual acuit
• Having difficulty focusing on close-up and the desire to squint the eyes more than normal
• Eye fatigue accompanied by pain and burning sensation in the eye after intensively dealing with tasks that require close focus
• Frequent blinking
• Distraction and difficulty focusing
• In some cases, sensitivity to light and severe blurring of night vision
• Stribs that occurs especially in children when doing tasks that require close focus

shows symptoms such as.

Since adults can recognize the symptoms that appear in their vision more easily than children, it is important for children to be examined by an ophthalmologist, especially at early ages and at certain intervals.< /p>

When hyperopia is left untreated or treated late, some complications may develop. Strabismus can be observed especially in children and eye fatigue development in adults.

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What Causes Hyperopia?

Hyperopia is, first of all, an eye defect like myopia and astigmatism. Blurring of near vision occurs as a result of the image that is refracted by the cornea and lens and should be focused on the fovea centralis region, and is focused behind the retina. In a normal eye, visual elements such as the cornea and eye lens have a perfect curve.

The fact that the eyeball is smaller than normal causes the corneal structure to be less curved than normal as a natural result. The effect that occurs is the blurring of near vision as the image focuses behind the retina, the exact opposite of myopia.

Most of the patients can see both near and far. The important point here is that the structure inside our eyes that allows the refraction of light works more than normal.

How does hypermetropia see?

Hyperopia is generally a problem of not being able to see clearly at close range. Patients experience deficiencies in visual acuity when reading at close range and seeing near-distance signs blurred. People with hyperopia problem see letters and signs intertwined when reading from a book or a digital screen.

How is hypermetropia diagnosed?

The diagnosis of hyperopia is made as a result of an eye examination, vision test and various measurements performed by an ophthalmologist. During these measurements, it can also be measured whether the person has other refractive errors such as myopia and astigmatism.

If the person has signs of the disease, the degrees are determined for each eye with the help of a refractometer. In some patients, measurements can also be made using the retinoscopy method.

During these measurements, a harmless light is shined towards the eye and how and to what degree this light is reflected from the retina is determined. With this examination, light reflection measurement is made to determine whether the person can be diagnosed with nearsightedness. In addition, if the person is diagnosed, the lens degree in question is also determined so that he can obtain a healthy vision.

How is hyperopia treated?

Hyperopia treatment is carried out with one of the options of prescription glasses, prescription contact lenses and laser surgery. The ophthalmologist determines one of the treatment methods suitable for the patient. The degrees of patients with very low levels of symptoms and symptoms are monitored with regular examinations.

If the ophthalmologist diagnoses the person as not being able to see clearly at close range, the priority is the use of glasses orcontact lenses. At this point, the main purpose of the treatment is to ensure that the image is focused at the right point on the retina.

The most commonly used method for hyperopia treatment is treatment with prescription glasses. A thin-rimmed convex lens is used as the opposite of the thick-rimmed concave lens used in myopia treatment. Depending on the height of the degree, glasses lenses may become thicker. This can affect image quality and sharpness. Whether or not glasses will be worn constantly varies from patient to patient.

In contact lens use, a lens appropriate to the patient's refractive error is prescribed to the patient. The patient places this contact lens in the front region of the cornea, the outermost surface of the eye. While some contact lenses are removed before going to bed, some are left in the eye for a long time. It is important to pay attention to hygiene when using contact lenses to prevent the eye from getting infected.

Using lenses and glasses has their own advantages. Both treatment methods improve the person's quality of life and do not reduce the degree of refractive error.

Surgical Methods for Hyperopia Treatment

The only permanent solution for hyperopia treatment is surgery. Refractive surgery can be performed on patients over the age of 18. No Touch Laser (Trans PRK) and LASIK methods, which are excimer laser methods, are available.

As a result of in-depth examinations performed by the ophthalmologist before the procedure, it can be determined whether the patient is suitable for the laser procedure. The important point for Laser eye surgery is that the person does not observe an increase in the degree of glasses for 1 year and that the degree of eye disorder is below 6 degrees.

The last method to be used for treatment is intraocular lens implantation. If the person's eye is not suitable for laser surgery, phakic intraocular lens surgery can be performed if the patient meets the appropriate conditions.

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