What is an Eye Disorder? What are the symptoms?

Eye disorder can be defined as damage to the structures in the eye or some problems observed during the formation of the image. The most common type is refractive errors, and myopia and hyperopia can be mentioned among the commonly known eye disorders. Myopic; Hypermetropia is the problem of not being able to see clearly at far distances and at near. Apart from these, there are also eye defects called astigmatism and presbyopia.

eye disorder

If you have blurry vision, the first thing that comes to mind may be whether you have an eye disorder. Apart from blurred vision, symptoms of eye disorders may include headache, involuntary squinting, and eye fatigue. Eye disorders may occur genetically or may develop later as a result of environmental factors. Treatment of eye disorders is usually done by your doctor determining your degree of eye disorder through various tests and prescribing glasses or contact lenses accordingly. Apart from these methods, there are also laser surgery and intraocular lens implants, which are known as more permanent treatment options. You can decide among the treatment options, taking into account the options your doctor deems appropriate for you and your own wishes.

What is an Eye Disorder?

Eye disorder is a broad concept of eye disease that covers many eye-related problems. The most well-known eye disorders are vision disorders such as myopia and hyperopia. Before talking about eye disorders in detail, it is useful to know how the image is formed.

When you look at an object, the light that first enters the cornea is transmitted to the lens from there.
The front and back of the eye. Your pupil in the part of your eye shrinks or enlarges depending on the amount of incoming light.
The cornea and the lens of the eye refract the light to bring the image into focus.
The refracted light reaches the retina at the back of the eye.
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The images arriving at the retina turn into signals and are transferred to the brain with the help of the optic nerves (visual nerve).
The vision process is completed when your brain interprets and combines these images, and these processes occur within a split second.

Refraction errors, which are among the visual disorders, are problems that occur at the points where the cornea and eye lens refract light to create the image. Refractive problems may result from the influence of genetic or environmental factors.

Eye Laser Surgery

It is a method mostly preferred by patients who do not want to wear glasses or contact lenses due to eye problems. Eye laser surgery is also known as eye contouring among the public. Laser surgery is not a major operation and is an outpatient procedure. This means you can go home on the same day after surgery. It is a method preferred by people who have vision problems and do not want to use glasses or contact lenses. After this surgery, you may not need glasses or contact lenses at all, or you may feel the need to use them in certain specific situations, such as driving at night. If you are considering surgery, it would be beneficial to learn the advantages and disadvantages of the method before you decide.

Glasses

Contact Lens

Contact lenses are one of the most common and easiest methods of treating eye disorders after glasses. It can be preferred in all cases, regardless of astigmatism, myopia or hyperopia. Contact lenses consist of thin plastic or glass. Although it is widely used, it may not be a suitable method for everyone.

Those who experience dry eyes
Those who are constantly exposed to smoke
Those who have a history of viral infection in the cornea< /li>
People under the age of 9 are not suitable for contact lens use.

There are many types of lenses. It may be difficult to find the one that suits you among these. Therefore, your doctor will give you recommendations depending on the eye disorder you have, your eye level, your budget and your lifestyle.

Eye Disorder Treatments

The eye disorder is usually resolved with glasses or contact lenses, which help form the image on the retina. In some cases, surgical methods can be used depending on the person's wishes. These surgical procedures focus on the curvature of the cornea

Does Eye Disorder Make You Dizzy?

Eyes are the organs where the image is created. The organ that interprets the image and helps us understand what we see is the brain. The image created by refracting light is transmitted to the brain with the help of optic nerves. Approximately twenty percent of the nerves in the optic nerve pathways leading to the brain interact with the inner ear and vestibular system, which also control balance and eye movements. For this reason, symptoms of eye disorders may sometimes include dizziness and difficulty in balancing.

Eye Disorder Symptoms

Blurred vision can be mentioned among the most common symptoms of eye disorders. Apart from this, symptoms of eye disorders may include:

Double vision
Seeing a halo around a bright light
Strabismus
Headache
Involuntarily squinting
Eyestrain (feeling tired or painful in the eyes)
Inability to focus while reading anything or looking at the computer screen

What are the Degrees of Eye Defect?

When eye impairment is due to refractive error, it can be graded according to the severity of the problem. When you get your prescription, you will see that it has many numbers on it. These are numbers that tell you which eye you have, to what extent and which visual impairment you have. The letters OD or R on the prescription represent your right eye, and the letters OS or L represent your left eye. There are + or – signs before each number. These signs show whether you have myopia or hyperopia. For example, if your prescription says -1.00, this means you are slightly myopic. If your prescription says +4.25, this means you are 4 degrees and ¼ hyperopia. Both eyes may have different values; However, there is usually not a big difference between these values. In some cases, if people have astigmatism in one eye, there may be a big difference in their vision even though there is no big difference between the degrees of impairment.

Presbyopia

Hypermetropic

Hyperopia is among the common refractive problems. It occurs in the opposite case of myopia. Because the eyeball axis is short, the image falls behind the retina. For this reason, while people with hyperopia do not have difficulty seeing far away, they may not be able to see any nearby object or text clearly. Children with hypermetropia may experience lack of interest in school, constant eye rubbing or strabismus.

astigmatism

Astigmatism is a blurred vision problem and astigmatic patients have abnormal corneal curvature. This causes the image to fall into two different positions and as a result, the image appears blurry (1). Astigmatism can occur alone or in combination with myopia or hyperopia and can worsen the situation. Similar to myopia, it can cause eye strain or headaches. As a treatment, you can get rid of the feeling of pain and fatigue after using glasses or contact lenses suitable for your eye level.

Myopic

Myopia, also known as shortsightedness, is one of the most common vision disorders. While a person has no difficulty in seeing near objects, he or she may have difficulty in reading distant text. This is the situation where the image falls in front of the retina when the eyeball is longer than normal or the refraction of the eye lens is high. In people with myopia, the image of objects cannot be focused on the retina, and this may cause the person to experience headaches or eye fatigue. Myopia is among the common refractive errors seen in children.

Types of Eye Disorders

Eye disorders are a group of disorders that may result from refractive problems and make it difficult to see. It can be graded according to the level of visual impairment. Many people may be unaware that when they have a low-grade vision problem, they can see better with treatment. Therefore, it is important to have eye examinations at regular intervals. Common types of eye disorders include:

Myopia
Astigmatism
Hyperopia
Presbyopia

Intraocular Lens

Similar to laser surgery, it is another method known as outpatient treatment. It is preferred in people with moderate or high-grade visual impairment. The procedure begins with numbing your eye. This way, you won't feel anything during the surgery. A small incision is made in your cornea, the eye lens is removed and replaced with an implantable artificial intraocular lens. The process takes approximately 1 hour. Then you can continue your normal life. Although intraocular lens implantation is a minor operation, surgical complications such as infection or bleeding, more often swelling and redness, may rarely occur (11).

Eye disorders may occur as a result of congenital or environmental factors. Common symptoms of eye disorders include headache, eye strain, blurred vision. If you have one of these symptoms or if you just care about your eye health, you can protect your eye health by making an appointment at the nearest health institution.